How Macros Are Calculated
Step 1: Calculate your BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation. Step 2: Multiply by your activity factor to get TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure). Step 3: Adjust for your goal (deficit or surplus). Step 4: Distribute calories among protein, carbs, and fat.
Protein: The Priority Macro
Protein is set first because it drives muscle retention and satiety. Research consistently shows 0.7-1.0g per pound of body weight supports both muscle building and fat loss. Higher protein during a deficit helps preserve muscle while losing fat. During maintenance or a surplus, 0.7-0.8g/lb is sufficient for most people.
Fat: Essential, Not Optional
Dietary fat supports hormone production, vitamin absorption, and cell function. Below 20% of calories from fat risks hormonal disruption. Most recommendations land at 25-35% of total calories. That's not much to work with, but cutting fat below 20% causes more problems than it solves.
Carbs: Whatever's Left
After protein and fat are set, remaining calories go to carbs. Athletes and active people generally perform better with more carbs. Sedentary individuals can run on fewer. There's no metabolic advantage to very low carb diets beyond the calorie control they impose through food restriction.
Sample Macro Splits
| Goal | Protein | Fat | Carbs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fat Loss | 40% | 30% | 30% |
| Maintenance | 30% | 30% | 40% |
| Muscle Gain | 30% | 25% | 45% |
| Keto | 25% | 70% | 5% |