Major City Time Offsets (Standard Time)
| City | Timezone | UTC Offset |
|---|---|---|
| New York | America/New_York | UTC−5 (EST) / UTC−4 (EDT) |
| London | Europe/London | UTC+0 (GMT) / UTC+1 (BST) |
| Tokyo | Asia/Tokyo | UTC+9 (no DST) |
| Sydney | Australia/Sydney | UTC+10 / UTC+11 (AEDT) |
| Dubai | Asia/Dubai | UTC+4 (no DST) |
| Taipei | Asia/Taipei | UTC+8 (no DST) |
| Los Angeles | America/Los_Angeles | UTC−8 (PST) / UTC−7 (PDT) |
| Mumbai | Asia/Kolkata | UTC+5:30 (no DST) |
Half-Hour and Quarter-Hour Zones
Not all time zones are whole-hour offsets. India uses UTC+5:30 (the entire country). Nepal is UTC+5:45 — the only major 45-minute offset. Newfoundland, Canada uses UTC−3:30. The Chatham Islands (New Zealand) use UTC+12:45. These exist for practical, historical, or political reasons rather than strict solar alignment.
Scheduling Across Time Zones
For international meetings, pick a window where all participants are in normal waking hours (8 AM–8 PM). With a 12+ hour spread (e.g., San Francisco to Tokyo), there's no overlap in standard business hours. Common workarounds: alternate early/late calls weekly, or record meetings for async viewing.